Distributed along midland open forests from the Indian Subcontinent to Indochina. Large, solitary and rather inconspicuous. I have seen this species in Da Lat plateau in Vietnam and in south India.

Found in woodland usually close to river banks in Subsaharan Africa. Their large colonies feature some of the most complex social structures among birds. I have encountered this species in Naivasha city in Kenya.

Found in forests and gardens of middle and high elevations across the Albertine Rift and the ranges and plateaus around the Rift Valley in east Africa. I have encountered this species in Nairobi city in Kenya.

Found in Subsaharan Africa, with a breeding range along semi-desert areas in the Sahel and south Arabia, migrating south to Equatorial African forests over winter. I have seen this species in the coastal vegetation of Watamu in Kenya.

Distributed along forest clearings in south India east to Malay and Indochina, including Java and the Andaman Islands. Its partial migratory movements avoid the monsoons. I have seen this species in Cat Tien in Vietnam and the foothills of south India.

Found year-round in Indochina south to Sumatra and Borneo, with a summer range north to Shanghai and Wuhan regions in China. I have observed this species in Singapore and Borneo.

Found in grasslands and open woodlands across the Indian subcontinent and Indochina, west to the Persian Gulf. Small and often abundant in farmland and peri-urban areas. I have seen this species in the backwaters of India.

Found in open dry areas, breeding in sandbanks along the Mediterranean and migrating towards southern Africa in winter. It is the only regularly found species in Europe. This species breeds in Alicante; I have also seen it wintering in Kenya.

Breeding in sandbanks of India east to Indochina, they migrate to all sorts of open habitats across southeast Asia east to the Philippines and Papua in winter. I have seen this species in grasslands and backwaters of south India.

Distributed along open areas of Madagascar, Comoros and east Africa, with an isolated population between Angola and Namibia. Partially migratory, it leaves southern Africa during the rainy season. I have seen this species in Ankarafantsika in Madagascar.